Friday, January 24, 2020

Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR) Essay -- Discovery, Faustyn Edmun

Recently, in the Journal of Rheumatology in an interesting discussion concerning the application of ESR and CRP (C-reactive protein) appeared inaccurate information about the history of the discovery of ESR. Crowson, Rahman and Matteson in the article (1) and later in the discussion (2) suggested that the discovery of ESR occurred in the 20s of the last century. However, the discovery was not made in the 20s of the Twentieth Century, but at the end of the Nineteenth Century. For the sake of the highest standards of the discussion, in all its aspects, we would like to remind that the discoverer of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was a Polish physician Faustyn Edmund Biernacki (1866-1911) (3,4,5,6,7). He announced the discovery in 1897 in two articles simultaneously: one written in Polish in Gazeta Lekarska (4) and the second in German in the Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (5). It is also possible to identify, as an important historical fact, the exact day of Biernackiâ€℠¢s discovery. Shortly before the publication of works describing ESR, on the 22nd of June 1897 during a meeting of the Warsaw Medical Society Biernacki presented five most important conclusions from his observations (6,7). These conclusions were as follows: blood sedimentation rate and volume of residue produced is different in different individuals; blood with small amounts of blood cells sediments faster; blood sedimentation rate depends on the level of â€Å"fibrynogens† in the blood plasma; during the course of febrile diseases (rheumatic fever included) with large amounts of plasma fibrinogen the ESR is increased, and in the defibrinated blood the sedimentation process is slower. The findings presented by Biernacki clearly show the clinical significance of th... ...Medica Scandinavica and in the same year 1921. Biernacki on the other hand presented his discovery in German and Polish more than twenty years before. Therefore, is it possible that in the scientists noted only the reports of the discovery presented in English and in one magazine? Or is it just an oversight resulting from an insufficient scientific knowledge about (or of?) historical facts? In order to maintain the highest standards of scientific reliability the â€Å"ESR test† should be named by specifying the method used e.g. Westergren’s ESR test method. The ESR test was discovered by Biernacki, and Westergren’s achievement was the development of a new laboratory technique. We postulate that in the scientific reports in which there is a historical aspect of the introduction of the ESR test (even if only as a reference), Biernacki’s discovery was not overlooked.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

Numbermatching.com business strategy

Advertising is an impersonal selling and communication method which makes use of various types of media to reach the target public in short time. Advertising aims at gaining exposure, creating awareness, changing attitudes of target customers in favor of sponsors product and services and also at effecting sales and improving corporate image. Media Selection for No. 1 match Media planning includes decisions relating to which media should be used and when and how often should advertisements be placed in the selected media. The basic purpose of media planning is to optimize the communication reach to the relevant audience within the available budget. Effective and efficient adverting rests on decisions based on collecting data from appropriate internal and external sources. a)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Press (including all types of newspapers and magazines): wider circulation, limited life, good for mass communication and reminder message. b)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Direct Mail: Restricted circulation, flexible usage, private in nature, high impact. c)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Outdoor (including hoardings, posters, neon signs): local circulation, durable, reminder media. d)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Radio: Wide reach, cuts through illiteracy barriers, quick reminder messages possible. e)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Television: Combines both Audio and Visual, limited reach, high degree of viewers involvement, suitable for product demonstration. f)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Miscellaneous (such as exhibition/fairs): Local reach, good product demonstration, impactful response. Promotion: It is through Budget, theme, media, timing. If major resources are to be committed, plan for measurement of promotional effectiveness should be include feedback from the market place, marketing research. Like products and prices, customization of advertising and promotion are very much possible in cyber marketing. Besides customization, the customer is contacted when he is giving full attention to the website. In fact, when a customer views any site he has done so after deliberate and conscious effort and choice. This increases his commitment to the message that he is viewing on the internet. It generates a hierarchy of impacts like creation of awareness, interest, desire and action on the consumer. Internet has been found to be amenable to finer tuning for most of these impacts. As a result, it is possible to better transport the customer from one level of impact to the next higher one and do so more quickly. The combination of this factor with the feature of individualization makes the output very powerful. Direct Marketing All corporate marketing activities have to be necessarily carried out in such a way that they lead to generation of surplus funds. Market segmentation helps in optimising the marketing mix for a segment. The output of a segmentation analysis is a profile of customer target group focusing on details that will best help to develop product, promotional, pricing and distribution strategies. The set of benefits sought to build the configuration of benefits sought and then select benefits in our offering that will constitute a critical advantage to act as the buying inducement. Segmentation of a market is not an arbitrary process, but neither is there a unique set of segments to be discovered. The two approaches, top down and bottom up (logical division and offering) which are used for breaking up. Public Relations measuring the degree of success of a public relations campaign or improving the response of personnel in numbermatch.com Measuring performance against standards Measurement of performance against standards should ideally be a forward-looking or on proactive basis with a view to detecting deviations in advance of their occurrences, and should be avoided by appropriate corrective action ‘in advance’. The project manger can often predict probable perceive much ahead of schedule, it should be uncovered as early as possible. References Philip Kotler (2002), 11th ed., â€Å"Marketing Management†, PHI-New Delhi

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

The Importance Of Volunteering In The Community - 1074 Words

Volunteering in the community helps develop a connection with the community. Communities are people who help one another to make an impact in someone’s life. Giving back to those that helped one previously can make a difference. Giving up a few hours during the week to volunteer at a summer reading program at the community library can bring joy in some child’s life. Supporting and helping younger children learn in our community brings me pride. Volunteering is a way to give back to your community and gain work experience at the same time. On Thursdays from 6:00-8:00, my sister and I volunteer at â€Å"Norther Tier Library† supporting the summer reading program. The program involves children from birth to 18 years old. Each age group receives†¦show more content†¦Helping the local library in the summer reading program is an effective way to give back to the community. The most satisfying part of the reading program was when children came to report on book s they read. We used the computers to fill out the information, give prizes, and stamps. We often ask about the books they read to hear the children explain and report on the book and if they enjoyed reading the book. The most challenging part of the reading program is when several children came at once. Since there are only two volunteers helping during each time when several children come in at once it can be difficult to help each child like we would like. The reading program is over in the middle of August, I expect to continue participating until the end of the program. Volunteering for the summer reading program was pleasing to me and I gained a fresh perspective of discovering my passion for teaching. Some other ways people can educate and raise awareness of reading in the summer could be hosting summer book clubs, school reading programs, or take-home reading books to promote continued reading throughout the school year. Alexander et al. (2007) states, â€Å"teachers typica lly spend between 4 to 6 weeks re-teaching material to students who have forgotten it over the summer† (Alexander et al. 2007). Many teachers must review several lessons and skills with children who do not continue to use theseShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Volunteering In Community Service764 Words   |  4 PagesVolunteering in my community services programs for various activities has been the most important and influential thing that I can offer to my community. It has allowed me to show honestly, integrity, and hard work. Volunteering far supersedes financial gain since time has the ability to expand one’s perception of availability. 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