Monday, September 30, 2019

Apple External and Internal Analysis

Introduction Apple Inc. is an American multinational corporation that designs and manufactures consumer electronics and computer software products. Established in Cupertino, California on April 1, 1976 in the heart of Silicon Valley, and incorporated January 3, 1977. Apple Inc. used to be called Apple Computers Inc. , but dropped the word computer because it wanted to expend its products beyond just computers. Steve Jobs was a co-founder and the CEO before.Today, Apple operates more than 250 retail stores in nine countries, and an online store where hardware and software products are sold. SWOT: Apple Inc. , the manufacturers of Macs, iPods, iPhones, iPads and professional software, has achieved great success since it began in 1977. It's difficult to predict what will happen to this company in the future, but a SWOT analysis (which measures the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to a business) can help to understand the company's current position and where it may go in the future. StrengthsApple's strengths are being a design innovator that is ahead of the trends, creating ergonomic electronics that fit people's lives. Specifically, Apple has been able to invest significantly in research and development, having invested $80 million in the quarter ending in June 2010. Weaknesses Apple acknowledges that its profitability is dependent on the global economy. Economic downturns can have a significant negative effect on the company, and fluctuations in foreign currencies make profit predictions in foreign markets uncertain. OpportunitiesApple is expected to introduce a new mobile advertising platform for the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPad. The introduction of this advertising platform represents an opportunity for new revenue sources. Threats Apple is involved in several legal actions, including lawsuits alleging patent infringement and antitrust violations. Many of the suits are from smaller companies, but notable plaintiffs include Nokia. These lawsuit s present a threat because of the possibility of unfavorable judgments and the ongoing costs associated with legal defenses.

Sunday, September 29, 2019

Internet security Essay

Our instructor gave us an assignment and I had to look for some information from the online library. I dashed to the public library nearby and at the entrance I was greeted by a sign with the words â€Å"Internet security enforced† So the internet services offered by the library had at last been secured! In the current world the term internet is very common. As Curtin admits in his essay on Introduction to network security â€Å"This is a word that I have heard way too often in the last few years. Movies, books, newspapers, magazines, television programs, and practically every other sort of media imaginable have dealt with the internet recently. Internet is a term used to refer to a ‘network of other networks’ (Curtin, par 21-22). Internet has a history in itself. It was created mainly to improve the interactions among different researchers sponsored by the government. The internet grew rapidly in the years of 1980s in educational institutions, business organizations, government agencies and international institutions. By the years of 1990s, internet usage had phenomenally grown and the networking had increased at a very fast rate compared to any network that had ever been used before like telephone use for networking. When a look is made into the present, millions and millions of internet users are connected with majority being those in business (NIST, par 7). The internet technology works magic in this advanced society. However, one is at risk of attacks sneaking through the front door if the internet site is insecure and the computer system is not ready to handle such cases of insecurity. It is thus important to have internet security. What then is internet security? Internet Security Concept To get a better insight of the positive and the negative side of internet security as part of technology, it is important to understand the concept ‘Internet security’. Security seems to be an ambiguous term. Everyone argues differently of what this is and furthermore the acceptable risk levels. Internet security entails the protection of the network against threats. Security is an issue for not only everyone but also everything. Even the internet needs to be secured from threats such as viruses (Curtin, par 104-105). Viruses are the source of computer system insecurity. Virus is software that clings to host software. It uses the host’s ability to replicate itself. When the host program is executed, the host also executes its duty. It also attaches itself to other programs. Viruses erase programs, steal personal information or declare their presence blocking important information. They pose great dangers to computer system. Therefore computer systems need to be secured (MacForensicsLab, par 17-28). Benefits of Internet Security The benefits that accrue from a secure internet are far reaching and wide. Furthermore, it takes less to prevent than to cure. The main purpose of internet security is to give protection against viruses. Viruses are the greatest evil doers when it comes to the information technology (NIST, par7-10). Just like any other virus that cause diseases, computer viruses are on the increase all of which have their origin from the widely used internet. They can be so dangerous to a computer system and can lead to its destruction. Such infections can lead to loss of important data. Internet security programs such as antivirus ensure that all data obtained from the internet is scanned to remove all the unwanted programs and viruses. Antivirus is a strong antibiotic that strongly fights the computer viruses. This ensures that the incoming information is clean and safe for use in a computer system (Kapsersky, par 6-9). Internet security keeps one’s information confidential. The world of technology has greatly expanded. Internet technology can however be applied wrongly. For instance, if a system is not secure, other person can get access to the system via the internet. Some unwanted programs can be launched into the computer’s memory. However, the security put as a guard warns users of such dangerous processes and prevents harmful changes that may be done on the file system. Internet security also protects the computer from spyware; confidential information such as bank account numbers, passwords and details from credit cards is secured from being viewed by intruders (Kapsersky, par 13). Internet security protects a computer system from hackers. Technology have gone too far such that it is possible to scan another computer’s ports through the network. Such hackers are malicious and are done to attack the network. What the internet security does is to block any further communication with that computer that attempting to attack (Kapsersky, par 16). Furthermore, some internet security programs allow users to only access secure intranet or internet. The firewall determines the limits of the rules. More so a computer can be prevented from visibility by other computers online. Once a certain mode such as stealth mode has been switched on, the computer becomes invisible from other networks. All other network activities ceases apart from the specified. Therefore any plans to invade the systems are altered. Internet security can therefore guard the whole system from attacks by viruses such as the Trojan horse and prevents a computers data access by any unauthorized personnel (Kapsersky, par 18-19). Most of the internet security focus on the physical infrastructures; the network itself. However, there are others that provide total solution as far as internet security is concerned. That is, the network, applications as well as platforms. Examples of these include, Microsoft NT (R) as well as UNIX (R). A protection that is over all is the best for a total security of the computer from the internet ‘evils’. Internet Security provides protection services to enable various organizations in the implementation of a secure access to data as well as assets through the World Wide Web (Business Wire, par 2-3). Damages Caused By Internet If a computer system is not protected, threats may end up ruining the overall system. Computer software and other accessories are exposed to harms from the internet and hence their functioning. There is therefore need to ensure that the system is safeguarded before accessing the internet. Security is ensured by various programs such as antivirus. They detect presence of a virus into a system and repair the situation through a command. Unsecured sites are open to any intruder (NIST, par 9-12). However ‘evil’ internet security has also emerged. ‘Evil’ technology has also continued to evolve currently. There are some stronger viruses that have been made by criminals that the antivirus is unable to detect such as the Trojan Horse. Trojan Horse make defense almost impossible. It exploits the weakness in the user to find some entry into the secured system. The malware pretends to be of importance to the user. The user will be attracted and execute the malware in disguise (MacForensicsLab par 17-28). The virus in it is hidden in the payload and when in the system performs the desired function by its author. The malware can steal information as well as property from a ‘secure’ system. Personal information is stolen to assist in theft from a person’s bank account, credit card and other important areas. The same knowledge that was used to make the internet secure has made it more insecure. Stronger virus programs have also come up through technology to counter the antivirus. Through pretence to give the system security, the viruses find their way (MacForensicsLab par 17-28). Some antivirus has as a result become weak and cannot detect the strong viruses such as the Trojan horse and Autorun viruses. Just like in the Trojan data access, data will also be ruined even in the presence of antivirus (NIST, par 9-12). Conclusion Technology is advanced day in and day out to make better man’s world. Some many discoveries on technology have been made such as the internet. It has been widely adopted in all spheres of human live. Despite the interne technology benefits, it has been misused. Through technology dangerous programs have been made and they are a great threat to internet users such as viruses. More technology has come up with programs to secure the internet. In spite of this security stronger viruses find their way into the system such as the Trojan horse. Something needs to be done to fight the stronger viruses. Work Cited Business Wire. Internet Security Advantages, Inc Offers Secure Centralized Access & Control Consulting Services for Web-Based Business Applications. BNET, 1 July 1998 Web. 5 June, 2010, . Curtin, Matt. Introduction to Network Security. Kent Information Services. nd March 1997. Web. 5 June 2010 . Kapspersky. Kaspersky Internet Security. Kapserspersky. com. nd Web. 5 June, 2010, . MacForensicsLab. Malware on mac os x-virues, Trojans, and worms. MacForensicsLab. 2010. Web. 5 June 2010 . NIST. An introduction to computer security. Web. 5 June, 2010, http://www. rxn. com/services/faq/internet/ISPTG-1. html

Saturday, September 28, 2019

American Politics - USA Patriot Act Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

American Politics - USA Patriot Act - Essay Example Congress approved the USA Patriot Act on October 26, 2001, scarcely six weeks after the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The bill was passed with modest discussion at the altitude of the anthrax contagion scare when many policymakers did not have right of entry to their offices. A stable stream of revelations, and the resulting news media reports, have represented a president starving for power, doing no matter what is necessary -- lawful or not -- to defend this country. In the rouse of such news, some officials in Congress see flaw and an prospect to burn down one of President Bush's fundamental weapons in the war on terror: the USA Patriot Act. The USA Patriot Act, petite for Uniting and intensification America by providing suitable Tools necessary to interrupt and hinder Terrorism Act, is not one unconnected law. Most of its 132 pages adjust present federal statutes ranging from foreign observation to money laundering and were in the hopper previous to September 11. The Patriot Act, though, extends Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) authority by counting the issuance of "roving wiretaps" that can track a person from, in case, a public phone to a neighbor's processor to a library processor. Critics say this is a contravention of the Fourth Amendment, which needs that merits must "particularly" explain the position to be explored and the people or things to be detained.

Friday, September 27, 2019

Ontology is the Best Principle that Explains the Existence of God Essay

Ontology is the Best Principle that Explains the Existence of God - Essay Example This means that God did not play a role in the creation of man, and hence His existence is doubtful. However, this paper argues that God exists. There are three major arguments that try to justify the existence of God. These arguments are, ontological, teleological, and cosmological (Peterson, William, Bruce and David, 93). Teleological arguments justify the existence of God by looking at the physical and the natural world. It denotes that it is impossible for the physical and the natural order to exists, without a supreme being, who was responsible for creating it. The cosmological argument, on the other hand, denotes that the existence of God is deduced. The proponents of this argument are not sure, and this is because it is a deduction. The ontological argument, explains the existence of God, through the principles of ontology. Ontology is concerned with the issues regarding the ones that exist, how such entities exist. This paper argues that ontology is the best concept that can be used for purposes of explaining the existence of God (Peterson, William, Bruce and David, 95). However, there are arguments, that ontology cannot efficiently explain the existence of God, mainly because it is based on the perception that God exists, and this is because of its nature. This paper takes a stand, that because of the nature of God, that is, His creation capability, it is proof that He exists. This is the major principle of ontology. St Anselm, who was a medieval Christian, is the first person to come up with the concepts of the ontology. He developed this concept, based on words, and what these words were able to mean. St. Anselm denotes that it is possible to prove the existence of God, by trying to find out, what this word, God, means (Peterson, William, Bruce and David, 91). St Anselm further explains that the word God contains virtually everything that an individual needs to understand concerning the existence of God.  Ã‚  

Thursday, September 26, 2019

Building Successful Brand of Toyota Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Building Successful Brand of Toyota - Essay Example This paper illustrates that Toyota recognizes the difference between product marketing alone and actual investment in the creation of a company brand. Indeed, Toyota seems to understand and appreciate the value of forming a corporate framework that facilitates the consumer’s preference for its products. As noted, the company faces fierce competition from other brands for the global market, which has meant that Toyota needed to reposition itself using contemporary means to stay ahead of the competition, at which they succeeded. Toyota Motors is responsible for total quality management or TQM, receiving numerous awards for quality management, such as the Japan Quality Control Award and the Deming Application Prize. The TQM strategy at Toyota is based on the Kaizen or customer first concept that stands for continuous improvement, as well as total participation that refers to input and involvement of all its workers. The Creative Idea Suggestion System, for example, seeks to encou rage and support employees in contributing effectively to quality development at the company. The Toyota’s production System has also resulted in quality improvement for work and products. In addition, the Toyota Way, established in 2001, is composed of continuous improvement, also referred to as Kaizen, which strives eliminate overproduction and waste, as well as to allow employees to suggest appropriate changes. Other techniques under Kaizen include eliminating employee fears to report issues, eliminating mistakes through a root cause analysis, eliminating transport and mistakes, creating a satisfying relationship with customers, and using mathematical and intellectual rationalization to create long-term solutions. Integrated marketing communications have been defined as a planning process that is designed to make sure that the customer receives brand contacts for a service, product, or organization that relevant and consistent over time to that customer.

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Scientific Concept and Learning Development from Vygotsky's Theory Research Paper

Scientific Concept and Learning Development from Vygotsky's Theory - Research Paper Example It is during this development stages that the child acquires the scientific concepts, which enable them to learn and progress (Vygostky & Cole, 1978). Systematic concept and the everyday concepts are two very different ideas in everyday reasoning. In this regard, in the everyday concept, human ideas are based on their social, cultural concepts, but not on the relation to human traits in the field of the size of brain or soul. In the everyday concept, humans tend to think of a certain thinker, which they look at the perception of the socioeconomic and the social-cultural background in which they are associated in work. In the same context, scientists rely on the thoughts, and the tools present in their time. For instance, the playground of a child offers them the opportunity to play with more objects (Daniels & Hedegaard, 2011). The environment holds a major role in learning the progress of the everyday concept. On the other hand, systematic concept entails the person’s behavior or the social behaviors, which are composed of compound of amalgamation of reflexes. Reflexes are the â€Å"fundamental atoms† which are the main straightforward for behavioral acts that are observed. In the same concept, systematic concept involves the use of a scientific move toward analyzing the observable fact in terms of reflexes with the intention to comprehend the complex psychological and the societal phenomenon. However, systematic concept creates tension for the scientific interest and the blend of a reductionist mechanical approach (Egan, 2007). There arises a huge difference between concept and systematic concepts in the everyday ideas. For instance, for everyday concept, the link amid biological and social traits of the state of affairs gives new channels of reasoning about pedagogic approaches to settings such as cerebral palsy. Moreover, teaching profession rebuffs children with disability to acquire

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

The War on Drugs is a Failure. So What Can Be Done About it Research Paper

The War on Drugs is a Failure. So What Can Be Done About it - Research Paper Example In addition, 60% of the total violence in the United States is related to drug prohibition which means that the prohibition of drugs only induces violence (Maginnis) The violence that resulted in the prohibition of drug is not new. It is usually the case when something is banned. The same was the case when alcohol was still prohibited. It was only lifted during the Great Depression when the government adopted a pragmatist approach to the problem due to the escalating violence associated with its prohibition and instead opted to make money out of it to help lift the country out of the depression by taxing it. As a result, violence associated with alcohol became almost non-existent. The same is also the case in gambling. Violence becomes the norm when it becomes illegal and so is with prostitution when it is outlawed. Violence becomes a natural consequence of a prohibitive policy because it creates black markets where the law cannot supervise but would become otherwise if the industry is legalized. The problem of violence in prohibiting drugs is compounded by the fact that a prohibitive policy corrupts institutions. Since a prohibitive policy threatens the industry of illegal drugs, it is inevitable that bribery, extortion, threat and other undesirable practices will sprout for the industry to survive. It is worsen by the fact that the enforcement of banning drugs comes with a price that drains public purse. â€Å"Federal, state and local governments spend roughly $44 billion per year to enforce drug prohibition. These same governments forego roughly $33 billion per year in tax revenue they could collect from legalized drugs, assuming these were taxed at rates similar to those on alcohol and tobacco† (Miron). ... The prohibitive policy against drugs does not only forgo the government income from taxing it but instead make it spend to enforce a policy that is futile. The strange thing about rabidly banning drugs with draconian measure is that countries which prohibits it such as United States has the highest rates of cocaine and marijuana abuse compared to countries which has a liberal drug laws such as E.U. and Portugal which has the lowest. In a study conducted by Cato Institute early April this year, it reported that policies that prohibit the use of drug is usually â€Å"based on speculation and fear mongering rather than empirical evidence on the effects of more lenient drug policies† (Szalavitz). The fear that legalizing illicit drugs will only exacerbate the drug problem did not actually happen. It showed that the legalization of drugs in Portugal has neutralized its ill effects which used to be its problem that is now pervasive in countries that ban illicit drugs. Consider the r esults of the Portugal’s policy of decriminalizing drugs. What was feared that the country will become a nation of drug addicts did not actually happen but in fact, helped solved the drug problem. Just when it was anticipated that drug use will rise, Portugal in fact â€Å"had the lowest rate of lifetime marijuana use in people over 15 in the E.U†. The use of the former illegal drugs among seventh through ninth graders also fell from 14.1% to 10.6% and the drug use in older teens also declined. Lifetime heroin use among 16-to-18-year-olds also fell from 2.5% to 1.8%. This development had a positive side effect on the curbing new HIV infection because it fell 17% because needles do not need to be shared anymore with legalizing the drugs (Szalavitz). Also,

Monday, September 23, 2019

International Trade Laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Trade Laws - Essay Example This works for the higher competitive advantage of the national companies, and thus 'closing eyes' on the illegal actions foreign companies take abroad, as well as trying to sue them for the refund of the damages which national companies pay abroad, and which is often resolved for the benefit of the national company, is a means of fighting competition through the means and methods which are legal only on the surface. 'Competition law embodies an inherent conflict while protecting local consumers from monopolies, cartels and oligopolies - it ignores the very same practices when directed at foreign consumers'. (Francis, 1995) For example, even GATT /WTO rules allow the existence of the foreign trade cartels, and if the same actions would be considered to be illegal within the country, these actions are seen as proper and legal at the international level. (Mathis, 2002) It was interesting to note, that one of the literary sources recommends adoption of the claw back provisions for the poor countries, which would want to develop their export markets. These claw back provisions would allow local courts to refund any penalty payment put on the local company by a foreign entity for the violation of trade policies and using unfair methods of international trade. ... Let's have a closer look at the GATT International Antitrust Code, which has created the four main principles, violated through the use of claw back provisions. - National laws should be applied to solve international competition problems; - Parties, regardless of origin, should be treated as locals; - A minimum standard for national antitrust rules should be set (stricter measures would be welcome); and - The establishment of an international authority to settle disputes between parties over antitrust issues. (Tarullo, 2002) The use of claw back provision if the violation of the first noted principle - they are not crated in accordance with the international laws and they don not foster creation of the laws which would support competition on the international level. Moreover, 'parties, regardless origin, should be treated as locals'; however claw back provisions are clear examples of the absolutely opposite actions of the parties. Claw back provisions are often depicted as the best means of protecting the parties from the improper judicial treatment in the foreign country; however fighting illegal actions and unfair competition is possible only through the adoption and use of such fines and damage payments for the benefit of the party the rights of which were violated. According to the Havana Charter 1947, there is a list of actions which are supposed to be illegal and represent the moves of the unfair competition; among these actions are discriminating particular enterprises, excluding enterprises from a specific territorial market, etc. Claw back provisions, on the contrary give local (national) companies legal basis for unfair competition' actions in the foreign country through understanding that in case they are sued, their country of

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Psychosocial stage of development Essay Example for Free

Psychosocial stage of development Essay According to Erickson’s psychosocial stage of development my age lies under the fourth stage i. e. industry versus inferiority. This stage starts from age 6 to 12 and in this stage a child is shifting from dependent circumstances to more independent circumstances. Like in this stage he becomes more desired to achieve something or to finish his tasks completely. He came out of that age of fantasy and became more responsible because after entering this stage a child starts learning new things, he knows if he’ll do well in school he’ll b admired by his parents as well as other people. If a child experiences the fulfillment of his achievements basically anything positive or constructive will easily be through by this crisis stage. On other hand he also knows that if he’ll b failed to complete his task then he will face criticism from family and others as well. If a child faces failure at his school responsibilities or even worse than that he is ignored and no one wishes to accept or develop his capabilities and strengths or not given a chance to discover their potentials then it’s quite obvious that a child would feel inferior or low and inadequate to do anything (Myers, 2009). Psychosocial Stage of Development Influences Behavior and Relationships: As per Erickson’s psychosocial stage of development my behavior and relationships are very much influenced by this theory of Erickson. Influences which can be seen according to Erickson’s psychosocial stage development on me were like when i start going to school at the age of three i have no idea that what will the situations i will be going through. My mind was not big enough to understand these things but as i got into junior high school i came across certain things which I have to handle by myself whether good or bad. Next thing was my relationship to my peers or companions which is based on some rules like if I am going to play some game like baseball i need a team to play with. This shows that I have developed a strong relationship through teamwork (Myers, 2009). Than if looking to my studies I have a certain group that studies along with me, if we have a homework given we do it regularly by which my behavior patterns got controlled and i get disciplined every year after. I went through all these things and finally i got hold on how to handle psychosocial crisis because having good relationship with your peer group and develop a good behavior can lead any person to the path of success. And if one person has made good decision at this level then he can easily be cautious about taking decisions on next levels or can say that he’ll easily be industrious (Cash, 2002). Positive Influence of Psychosocial Stage of Development: Positive influences which come out of my psychosocial stage development were that i have strong bond made between me and my peer group because we use to play and study and study together. By doing this we came across many victories which made us proud and give a sense of satisfaction that we can do something that can be appreciated by our families and other people as well. As this is the middle age in which a child wants to do things by his will without interfering of others. At my academic level things have been very positive for me as there is full support of my parents by which i have developed certain skill at my own. Like if you talk about behaviour i have made a timetable and put things which are suitable for me to do at certain time frame. My behaviour towards my studies would also be considered positive because i got support from my parents and also from my teachers which helped me in many ways(Cash,2002). Negative Influence of Psychosocial Stage of Development: Talking about negative influence of my psychosocial stage of development there are certain things which made me feel inferior when i was in the middle childhood stage were that when in school teacher used to say that you have to finish your lunch even if I am not that much hungry which made me feels awful many times. Regarding this food stuff which at my home also has been an issue for me was that in that middle childhood stage i use to see my mom cooking different cuisines for our family. Sometimes i also feel like to cook something for my family but my mother always use to lower my enthusiasm by telling me that I am too small to cook. This have been left a very negative impact on me and that’s why i still don’t know how to cook food properly because somewhere in my mind I have this complex that if I will cook something it would not be worth it(Cash,2002). Other Developmental Issues Influenced My Personality: Other development issues influenced my personality in such a way that when i was born i. e. when I am in the stage of trust versus mistrust, although i was too small to know that what happened with me at that time but looking to myself i can say that my family or my parents have taken very good care of me, because i don’t see any many negative points in my personality and it’s all because of my parents. The example of trust can be given that how much I am close to my parents. Next stage would be autonomy versus shame and doubt in which a child develops a sense of being a separate human being and wants attention that everyone knows him individually. Regarding this stage there are some negative aspects of my personality that after reaching to an age of three i still was not able to go to toilet by myself because i was not properly trained. So at that time this bring me shame that kids of my age are toilet trained but I am not. But on the other hand i was very much trained to do mess while I am having my food which helps me a lot handle spoon in my hand on my own. After that another stage come which is initiative versus guilt in which a child starts taking decision of his own that whether he wants to eat or not or what things he should do. This is the age which is also known as play age, when a child starts going to pre-school or nursery. In this age a child wants to start doing things on its own or wants to take risks. Like in this stage a child starts going to school and there he learns different things and skills. Like I have said my academic time has helped me a lot to develop my personality (Cash, 2002). If I have to experiment something which help me further then my teacher encourages me to excel my abilities and this helped me a lot in taking decisions in my afterlife. Regarding the stage which I have picked i. e. industry versus inferiority these above developments have influenced my personality till my middle childhood stage (Cash, 2002). Conclusion: If i have to say that how much influenced erickson’s psychosocial stage of development has made then to me its 90% correct that whatever he gives the theory can help people to understand their children if they are facing difficulties regarding their mood, behavior or actions. Through his theory people should know that a child cannot be treated forcefully he should get full time to develop himself. It’s been seen that people who went through the crisis of their early adulthood and resolved them successfully, they who are also successful in their adolescence. REFERENCES Myers, D. G. (2009). Psychology. Worth Publishers Cash, A. (2002). Psychology for Dummies. Hungry Minds Books

Saturday, September 21, 2019

The traditional meanings Essay Example for Free

The traditional meanings Essay Innovation is the identifiable tool of free enterprising—the undertaking that provides resources with a fresh ability to generate affluence. Peter Drucker The traditional meanings of innovation involves the process of introducing something new or something that is newly introduced (either an idea, method, or device) with tangible societal impact, according to The American Heritage Dictionary. In this definition, an innovation is not its technical description until a person effectively realizes the idea or a thing and creates profit on it. An innovation may be immense or minor. New-fangled or barely somewhat changed, it does not carry some weight. It can also be visibly intricate or apparently uncomplicated. Innovations are time and again assumed in terms of practical attainment; however, they can as well be outlines. The category, industry and manner of innovation are immaterial, yet its bearing establishes its aptitude. The existence of a whiz person can facilitate originality. The thing may have speedy outcome by having an individual who can observe critically and manage the things to take place in the future. On the other hand, innovation is above the creation of any genius individual such as Einstein. It entails carrying the design of a person or group of originators to expansive viewers. The opportunity of a lot of industries is reliant upon the capacity of the businesses to innovate. Since competition is intense, information unfolds rapidly. The power of a business enterprise to not merely sustain with its recent commerce systems but to surpass its particular prospects as well as its competitors are vital to its continued existence. Theories of Innovation There are several presumptions of innovation, namely breakthrough, incremental, disruptive, and transaction cost and network theory as some. There are cases asserting that innovations are required to be disrupting to meet the criteria of innovation. The change which occurs may represent both drastic and additional variations to items for consumption, schemes or services. The frequently implicit objective of innovation is to resolve a predicament. Others claim that any modification, on condition that it is quantifiable, becomes certified as innovation. Certain population would like innovations to be exposed and to be made accessible to each and every one as a way of defying even added development and inventiveness. Then again other people still think that new breakthroughs and channels have to be improved in confidence. The theory of breakthrough innovation is the one responsible for having pioneering ideas, products, or services. According to Nelson and Winter (1977, pp. 36-37), introducing a completely original creation or service rather than offering improved goods services along the similar lines as presently may incorporate risk. The vagueness of breakthrough innovations denotes that hardly ever do businesses accomplish their breakthrough aims this mode, nonetheless those periods that breakthrough innovation becomes successful, the compensation can be great. Incremental theory of innovation, on the other hand, concerns the revised form of ideas, products, or services. This innovation includes substantial adjustment or conversion in fundamental technologies and approaches, shaped by those functioning beyond typical production and out of presented paradigms. Every now and then, it is exceptionally difficult to create a distinction between breakthrough and incremental innovation, especially of ideas. Disruptive theory of innovation, then again will regularly have features that customary sections of consumers may not yearn for, at least at the start. Such advancements will come into view as bargain basement priced, more plain and even with substandard class if matched up to accessible ideas, goods, or services; although a quantity of subsidiary or new part will appreciate it. With the purpose of getting to the bottom of these troubles, establishments should construct a self-regulating commerce division whose dimension complements the surfacing market. This kind of innovation theory is somewhat a result of the aforementioned two theories. The occurrence of breakthrough and incremental innovations will mean better bounds of awareness, conceivably insistent of a fresh technique of considering the entire problem, almost certainly obtaining a much bigger threat than lots of individuals concerned are pleased about. There is repeatedly substantial hesitation in relation to forthcoming results. There may be significant disagreement to the suggestion and queries on the subject of moral principles, reasonableness or outlay of the application may be heaved. Communities may probe if this is or is not, an innovation of an idea, tool, or course. In the operation expenditure and net assumption point of view, innovation is an original building block instituted in the set of connections which alters the expenditure of dealings among components in the system.

Friday, September 20, 2019

Ethics of Torture and Preventive Detention

Ethics of Torture and Preventive Detention Discuss the ethical implications of preventive detention and interrogation tactics. Preventive detention is a pretrial detainment without the right to bail of a person accused or suspected of a crime and assumed to pose a danger to society. This type of detention can apply to political prisoners, alleged terrorists, those seeking asylum, and does not always result in a trial. Detention involves keeping people in confined conditions, often behind razor wire and electric fencing. The increase in human rights abuses, and a lack of due process occurring in immigration centers, gives authorities the power of preventive detention without trial on the basis of suspicion alone. Guantanamo Bay, for example, was once a detention center for refugees. Since September 11, 2001, it has become a detention center for suspected terrorists, some of whom have been detained without charges for years. Human rights and ethics abuses have been documented in Guantanamo Bay because of the hidden public scrutiny and lack of accountability. The human rights issue is how a terrorist is defined . In the US during the cold war, anyone who opposed the government was deemed an enemy of the state, and was legislated in the Allen Registration Act of 1940. During the 1940s and 1950s, people were executed in the US for simply refusing to name fellow communists (Doerr-Zegars, Hartmann, Lira Weinstein, 1992). Critics of this type of detention claim that just by supporting Al Qaeda or the Taliban may make a person dangerous, but it is not a mental illness. No one states that Al Qaeda members are not able to control their behavior, or are treated through psychiatric treatment. In their minds, preventive detention is an unnecessary and dangerous expansion of government power and because of this the Guantanamo Bay detainees should be charged or released. The word torture needs to be put in a context of ethics as it relates to interrogation techniques. Water boarding is an awful technique, but it is much different than mutilation with drills, rape or forcing a suspect to watch their family tortured, putting hummus in a mans anus, forcing suspects to stand on broken feet, and playing detainees songs at loud volumes on repeat. Ethical morality involves a balance of ends and means. It is pertinent to consider that there are benefits from these interrogation techniques. Critics of interrogation tactics must answer critical questions such as if by performing these activities such as water boarding, and we may be able to elicit information that would stop a massive attack on an American city, would it then be considered feasible. Or, if by doing so, we can save a thousand innocent lives? Ten thousand? What about if we knew of a possible strike on American soil and the only way to prevent such an attack was by using unethical interrogation t echniques?, would preventing such devastation be worthy of a green light to do so? The Democratic members of Congress think so. Physical torture and manipulation will successfully produce intelligence information and confessions. To some, the harsh methods of torture and interrogation lack a value that proves costly to criminal justice efforts to provide security and solve crimes. Individuals who undergo long periods of torture have been shown to exhibit considerable long-term effects of PTSD which is considered a human rights violation. Human rights law recognizes that certain rights may be suspended by governments during a time of public emergency which threatens the life of the nation and the existence of which is officially proclaimed.(p.365, 2008) The ethical implications used by interrogation methods are ones that depend on the definition of ethics. If saying the ends justifies the means then ethics must have a place in the issues that surround interrogation. Ethics are defined as value, belief, principle and convictions that a group of people hold to be a noble part of life and strive to practice every day (Sheikh, MacIntyre Perera, 2008). Interrogation by itself is on no way an ethical process and the attempts to introduce ethics into interrogation methods would require that the purpose of interrogation and detention would need to be redefined. References Doerr-Zegers, O., Hartmann, L., Lira, E., Weinstein, E. (1992). Torture: Psychiatric sequelae and phenomenology. Psychiatry, 55(2), 177-184. Sands, P., Q.C., Fraser, M.,A.C.C.H. (2008). TORTURE TEAM: THE RESPONSIBILITY OF LAWYERS FOR ABUSIVE INTERROGATION/TORTURE TEAM: HUMAN RIGHTS, LAWYERS, INTERROGATIONS AND THE WAR ON TERROR A RESPONSE TO PHILIPPE SANDS. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 9(2), 365-390. Sheikh, M., MacIntyre, C. R., Perera, S. (2008). Preventive detention: The ethical ground where politics and health meet. focus on asylum seekers in australia. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 62(6), 480.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

The Quintessential American Woman Essay -- American Women Henry James

The Quintessential American Woman The American woman is a mystery that has yet to be solved. She is an ever-changing poem that sparks interest in those who are unaccustomed to her mysterious ways. The American women fascinated many authors, including Henry James. To express his enthrallment, James employed his literary talent to create Daisy Miller. Daisy exudes the vast depth of the entity of the American woman, which originally captured James’ attention. John Hay, a contemporary observer of American manners and mores stated of the American woman, â€Å"Her conduct is without blemish, according to the rural American standard, and she knows no other† (qtd. in Fogel 52). James’s Daisy Miller depicts the innocence of the American woman, with its accompanying crudeness. It is through Daisy Miller, and her contradictory characteristics of purity and crudeness that James presents and depicts his American woman to the world. â€Å"Pure† is defined as â€Å"chaste; virgin† in the American Heritage Dictionary (681). This describes one half of the American woman in the Jamesian perspective. Daisy Miller’s character is depicted as the epitome of pure. This purity particularly lies in Daisy’s ignorance of proper social behavior. Daniel Mark Fogel wrote in his critical analysis of Daisy Miller, â€Å"In America, women were under somewhat less rigid control than they were in England or Europe, in part because of the comparatively high degree of social mobility in the United States and the concomi...

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

An Analytical Essay on the Humor in Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays

An Analytical Essay on the Humor in Hamlet    Humor was added to Hamlet by two major scenes, along with Hamlet's use of his antic-disposition. These two were: the scene between Hamlet and Polonius in the library, and the scene with the grave diggers (the clowns).    The scene between Hamlet and Polonius took place in Act II Scene 2. In Hamlet's first encounter with Polonius, he immediately insulted the old man by calling him a "fishmonger". He then quickly changed his opinion and complemented Polonius by calling him an honest man. Hamlet said, "to be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of ten thousand". As we know Polonius definitely was not such a man. Hamlet was portrayed as a clever lad, who was playing a psychological game with an old fool. He asked Polonius whether or not he had a daughter, pretending he did not know that Ophelia was Polonius's daughter. When Hamlet was asked about what he was reading, he replied by saying, "words, words, words". Throughout this scene, Hamlet revealed himself to Polonius as a mentally unstable man. He was playing a fool himself, while ingeniously using this to make Polonius look like an even bigger fool. He cleverly insulted Polonius' appearances indirectly, by referring to the book he was reading. According to that book old men had grey beards, their faces were wrinkled, they had a plentiful lack of wit, and so on. He was describing Polonius exactly. Perhaps the most humorous part took place when Hamlet, while saying, "for yourself, sir, shall grow old as I am, if like a crab you could go backward",   he advanced towards Polonius, causing him to walk backwards. Those words and the actions on the stage   revealed Hamlet to be a daring young man. When Polonius finally left, Hamlet dropped his pretense and yelled, "These tedious old fools!". In Act III Scene 2, Hamlet used a recorder, the musical instrument, as a telescope when Polonius entered the scene. He asked Polonius, "Do you see yonder cloud that's almost in shape of a camel?". Hamlet always pretended to be the madman in front of Polonius, while he actually made him look like an old fool.       The scene with the grave diggers (the clowns), took place in Act V Scene I. The clowns were discussing Ophelia's death and were making fun of the case of Sir James Hales, who also drowned himself. An Analytical Essay on the Humor in Hamlet :: The Tragedy of Hamlet Essays An Analytical Essay on the Humor in Hamlet    Humor was added to Hamlet by two major scenes, along with Hamlet's use of his antic-disposition. These two were: the scene between Hamlet and Polonius in the library, and the scene with the grave diggers (the clowns).    The scene between Hamlet and Polonius took place in Act II Scene 2. In Hamlet's first encounter with Polonius, he immediately insulted the old man by calling him a "fishmonger". He then quickly changed his opinion and complemented Polonius by calling him an honest man. Hamlet said, "to be honest, as this world goes, is to be one man picked out of ten thousand". As we know Polonius definitely was not such a man. Hamlet was portrayed as a clever lad, who was playing a psychological game with an old fool. He asked Polonius whether or not he had a daughter, pretending he did not know that Ophelia was Polonius's daughter. When Hamlet was asked about what he was reading, he replied by saying, "words, words, words". Throughout this scene, Hamlet revealed himself to Polonius as a mentally unstable man. He was playing a fool himself, while ingeniously using this to make Polonius look like an even bigger fool. He cleverly insulted Polonius' appearances indirectly, by referring to the book he was reading. According to that book old men had grey beards, their faces were wrinkled, they had a plentiful lack of wit, and so on. He was describing Polonius exactly. Perhaps the most humorous part took place when Hamlet, while saying, "for yourself, sir, shall grow old as I am, if like a crab you could go backward",   he advanced towards Polonius, causing him to walk backwards. Those words and the actions on the stage   revealed Hamlet to be a daring young man. When Polonius finally left, Hamlet dropped his pretense and yelled, "These tedious old fools!". In Act III Scene 2, Hamlet used a recorder, the musical instrument, as a telescope when Polonius entered the scene. He asked Polonius, "Do you see yonder cloud that's almost in shape of a camel?". Hamlet always pretended to be the madman in front of Polonius, while he actually made him look like an old fool.       The scene with the grave diggers (the clowns), took place in Act V Scene I. The clowns were discussing Ophelia's death and were making fun of the case of Sir James Hales, who also drowned himself.