Aaron Douglas Essays - Harlem Renaissance, Aaron Douglas

Aaron Douglas People may ask, what other than a tornado can come out of Kansas? Well, Aaron Douglas was born of May 26, 1899 in Topeka, Kansas. Aaron Douglas was a "Pioneering Africanist" artist who led the way in using African- oriented imagery in visual art during the Harlem Renaissance of 1919- 1929. His work has been credited as the catalyst for the genre incorporating themes in form and style that affirm the validity of the black consciousness and experience in America. His parents were Aaron and Elizabeth Douglas. In 1922, he graduated from the University of Nebraska School of Fine Arts in Lincoln. Who thought that this man would rise to meet W.E.B. Du Bois's 1921 challenge, calling for the transforming hand and seeing eye of the artist to lead the way in the search for the African American identity. Yet, after a year of teaching art in Kansas City, Missouri, Douglas moved to New York City's Harlem neighborhood in 1924 and began studying under German artist Winold Reiss. His mentor discouraged Douglas's penchant for traditional realist painting and encouraged him to explore African art for design elements would express racial commitment in his art. The young painter embraced the teachings of Reiss to develop a unique style incorporating African- American and black American subject matter. He soon had captured the attention of the leading black scholars and activists. About the time of his marriage on June 18, 1924, to Alta Sawyer, Douglas began to create illustrations for the periodicals. Early the following year, one of his illustrations appeared on the front cover of Opportunity magazine, which awarded Douglas its first prize for drawing. Also, in 1925, Douglas's illustrations were published in Alain Looke's survey of the Harlem Renaissance, The New Negro. Publisher Looke called Douglas a "pioneering Africanist," and that stamp of praise and approval for the artist influenced future historians to describe Douglas as "the father of Black American art." His fame quickly spread beyond Harlem, and began to mount painting exhibitions in Chicago and Nashville, among the numerous other cities, and to paint murals and historical narratives interpreting black history and racial pride. During the mid- 1920's, Douglas was an important illustrator for Crisis, Vanity Fair, Opportunity, Theatre Arts Monthly, Fire and Harlem. In 1927, after illustrating an anthology of verse by black poets, Caroling Dusk, Douglas completed a series of paintings for poet James Weldon Johnson's book of poems, God's Trombones: Seven Negro Sermons in Verse. Douglas's images for the book were inspired by Negro Spirituals, customs of Africans and black history. The series soon to became among the most celebrated of Douglas's work. It defined figures with the language of Synthetic Cubism and borrowed from the lyrical style of Reiss and the forms of African sculpture. Through his drawings for the series, Douglas came close to inventing his own painting style by this combination of elements in his work. During this time, Douglas collaborated with various poets. It was also his desire to capture the black expression through the use of paint. He spent a lot of time watching patrons of area nightclubs in Harlem. Douglas said that most of his paintings that were captured in these particular nightclubs were mainly inspired through music that was played. According to Douglas, the sounds of the music was heard everywhere and were created mostly during the Harlem Renaissance by well-trained artists. Douglas's work was looked upon by most critics as a breath of fresh air. His work symbolized geometric formulas, circles, triangles, rectangles, and squares became the dominant design motifs for Douglas. It was in Douglas's series of paintings called God Trombones that Douglas first expressed his commitment through the use of geometric shapes for Black artists. The faces and limbs in these series of paintings are carefully drawn to reveal African features and recognizable Black poses. In God's Trombones, Douglas achieved his mastery of hard- edge painting using symbolized features and lines. Through his use of these things he was able to bring to life the stiffness in the figures which symbolized Art Deco. But, unlike the decorative programs that exist in Art Deco, most of Douglas's work capitalized on the movement that was influenced by the rhythms of Art Nouveau. Each of the paintings in the God's Trombone series expresses the humanist concerns of Douglas. For example, in Judgment Day, one of the seven Negro sermons Douglas illustrated for James Weldon Johnson, he planned to place emphasize on the positive appearance of Black power. In this painting, Gabriel, who represents the archangel, sounds the trumpet to awaken

5 Sentences Demonstrating Whether to Capitalize and Punctuate Quotations

5 Sentences Demonstrating Whether to Capitalize and Punctuate Quotations 5 Sentences Demonstrating Whether to Capitalize and Punctuate Quotations 5 Sentences Demonstrating Whether to Capitalize and Punctuate Quotations By Mark Nichol When the syntax of a sentence containing a quotation is not straightforward, it can be difficult to determine whether the first word should be capitalized and which punctuation marks, if any, should attend the quotation. The following sentences illustrate some of the pitfalls, and discussions and revisions point to their solutions. 1. After years of finger-pointing, Smith says â€Å"enough is enough† and is filing suit against Jones. The statement may seem insignificant, but it is a complete sentence and should be treated as one; it should also be preceded by a comma following the attribution (â€Å"Smith says†): â€Å"After years of finger-pointing, Smith says, â€Å"Enough is enough† and is filing suit against Jones. (Note, too, that no punctuation follows the quotation, because what follows is not an independent clause; it would be one if it included a noun or pronoun after and: â€Å"After years of finger-pointing, Smith says, â€Å"Enough is enough,† and he is filing suit against Jones.†) 2. Clients have begun to ask the question, who will own the process once the change has occurred? The question is something uttered or conjecturally uttered, so it should be enclosed in quotation marks. However, it is not set up with a traditional attribution. No preceding punctuation is needed: â€Å"Clients have begun to ask the question ‘Who will own the process once the change has occurred?’† (A comma after question implies that only one question exists, and it follows.) 3. The question is not â€Å"can it happen?† but â€Å"what is the impact if it does happen, and how will we respond?† Here, the issues in both of the preceding examples are combined in one sentence. There is no attribution to set off with a comma, but each of the two quotations is a complete sentence quoted within the host sentence and must therefore be capitalized: â€Å"The question is not ‘Can it happen?’ but ‘What is the impact if it does happen, and how will we respond?’† 4. He mocked Trump’s slogan, suggesting it was really: â€Å"Make America Hate Again.† A colon sets up an explanation or elaboration. Here, however, what follows really flows syntactically in the sentence, so no intervening punctuation is called for: â€Å"He mocked Trump’s slogan, suggesting it was really ‘Make America Hate Again.’† 5. They ignored the kids’ stubborn insistence that, â€Å"We don’t just look different, we are different.† Here, although the quotation in this sentence was originally uttered as a complete statement, it has been syntactically integrated into the host sentence and is therefore not capitalized: â€Å"They ignored the kids’ stubborn insistence that ‘we don’t just look different, we are different.’† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowTry to vs. Try andParataxis and Hypotaxis

Tour Report at a nearby airport firefighting facility Essay

Tour Report at a nearby airport firefighting facility - Essay Example The facility was built and got commissioned in July, 2009. The facility has ten modern fire fighting vehicles that have a location on a drive through design. The purpose of the vehicles being placed in the drive through position is to be able to move as fast as possible in case of a fire emergency. The drive through design has direct access to the Hartsfield – Jackson Atlanta International Airport aircrafts apron system. Airport apron is the area in the airport where the planes are parked before departure or during maintenance. The new building where ARFF is at accommodates approximately fifteen firefighters (Snedeker, 2009). The building has training facilities, offices and conference rooms where several meetings happen. There are individual sleeping rooms for the firefighters who are on shift and locker rooms enough to accommodate the firefighters. There is a long sloping roof form that has a direct relation to the line-of-sight that is necessary between the control towers f or the taxiway. The airport has a Fire Training Research Centre (FTRC) that is used to train the staff and the firefighters. The staff acquire the much-needed technique to be able to deal with fire. The Hartsfield – Jackson Atlanta International Airport firefighters are trained because they must always be ready for blistering heat, blinding smoke, and blazing fires whenever they have to be on duty (FAA, 2015). Duty calls at any time, whether it is at night or during the day. There are challenges that the firefighters go through in their line of work. One of the challenges involves going through the fire and smoke to help people who are trapped. There are protective gears the staff members get to help protect against the fire flames and smoke. The firefighters have to go to the location in case one of the planes catches fire. The response time should be minimal to be able to save as much life as possible. The ARFF facility’s

7.9 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

7.9 - Case Study Example Industry Analysis is necessary as industries performance vary differently (Dash 138). And the main purpose of industry analysis is to analyze the market and economic forces that affect an industry’s profit potential (Bensoussan and Fleisher 95). Planet Intra is led by an international team of professionally qualified and experienced group of people with backgrounds in consulting, technology, international management and customer relationship management (CRM). They are the real strength of the company and they have been able to ensure uninterrupted successful journey of the company. The company operates globally. Planet Intra has established four offices across the world. The offices in Tokyo, London, and Windsor and Mountain View locations are the main channels to fulfill the global demand of EIP solutions and services. Value Added Resellers (VARs) are consulting firms and other system integrators who work as channel partners. They have contacts within the industry with the large corporations and SMEs and they are main source of revenues for the company as well. The heavy reliance of VARs may affect revenue stream. Currently, the VARs are charging 40 percent commission on per referral and there is no assurance that they continue with the current level of commission or they may increase their commission demand. The implications of this business relationship are that the VARs may require 60 percent commission on per referral and this would directly affect revenue and profit of the company. The company may focus on the non-cyclical or traditional industries. The industries such as oil and gas, health care and service sector may be considered as potential clients for the company. The chances of demand reduction in such sectors are marginal and the companies prefer to invest in their technology-intensive and

Analytical essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analytical - Essay Example It was seven pm and Chris was still at work, after a long wait I decided to go ahead along with my friends. Music was on but was not rocking enough really to dance with joy, seeming as though it was a heart breaking moment leaving another year behind. I took my place at one corner leaving all my friends aside, with a drink in my hand and thoughts wandering in my mind. All my friends had their love by their side, holding one another smiling softly feeling every moment of that night. I wish I had my love too as it was ten in the night. We were done with our dinner, drinks and play. I was unable to pretend any longer, tears just roll off my eyes when I did see flowers showered over my head. Chris grabbed my shoulders to lift me up and wiped off the tears and was sorry to keep me waiting for some time. I just stood by unable to explain how much hard it was to be away from him on this specially arranged night. All I could do was to just lay my head on his shoulder and spend the rest of the night in his arms. The dance floor was on with couples dancing by and when the clock ticked 12 midnight there was the blast of music and crackers all around. Crowd just shouted in a single tone â€Å"Happy New Year 2006† after the count down was done. I turned up to Chris to wish him a bright and prosperous year ahead, but there was something special in store for me tonight. Chris go down on his knees to ask me share his life, this was the moment I started to cry once again but this time the tears were rolling out of joy. Now I see myself by his side unable to believe how these long years just flew. Everything around seems to be the same with all the dazzling stars and the moon shinning to the brightest in the clear

Traffic light controller using microprocessor

Traffic light controller using microprocessor Traffic Light Controller Using 8085 Microprocessor Aim The main aim of this project is to design a Traffic light controller using 8085 microprocessor, interfacing with peripheral device 8085, and program implementing the process. Introduction The 8085 Microprocessor is a popular Microprocessor used in Industries for various applications. Such as traffic light control, temperature control, stepper motor control, etc. In this project, the traffic lights are interfaced to Microprocessor system through buffer and ports of programmable peripheral Interface 8255. So the traffic lights can be automatically switched ON/OFF in desired sequence. The Interface board has been designed to work with parallel port of Microprocessor system. The hardware of the system consists of two parts. The first part is Microprocessor based system with 8085. Microprocessor as CPU and the peripheral devices like EPROM, RAM, Keyboard Display Controller 8279, Programmable as Peripheral Interface 8255, 26 pin parallel port connector, 21 keys Hexa key pad and six number of seven segment LEDs. The second part is the traffic light controller interface board, which consist of 36 LEDs in which 20 LEDs are used for vehicle traffic and they are connected to 20 port lines of 8255 through Buffer. Remaining LEDs are used for pedestrian traffic. The traffic light interface board is connected to Main board using 26 core flat cables to 26-pin Port connector. The LEDs can be switched ON/OFF in the specified sequence by the Microprocessor. The normal function of traffic lights requires sophisticated control and coordination to ensure that traffic moves as smoothly and safely as possible and that pedestrians are protected when they cross the roads. A variety of different control systems are used to accomplish this, ranging from simple clockwork mechanisms to sophisticated computerized control and coordination systems that self-adjust to minimize delay to people using the road. Traffic Controller Systems A traffic signal is typically controlled by a controller inside a cabinet mounted on a concrete pad. Although some electro-mechanical controllers are still in use (New York City still has 4,800), modern traffic controllers are solid state. The cabinet typically contains a power panel, to distribute electrical power in the cabinet; a detector interface panel, to connect to loop detectors and other detectors; detector amplifiers; the controller itself; a conflict monitor unit; flash transfer relays; a police panel, to allow the police to disable the signal; and other components. Fixed Time Control The simplest control system uses a timer (fixed-time): each phase of the signal lasts for a specific duration before the next phase occurs; this pattern repeats itself regardless of traffic. Many older traffic light installations still use these, and timer-based signals are effective in one way grids where it is often possible to coordinate the traffic lights to the posted speed limit. They are however disadvantageous when the signal timing of an intersection would profit from being adapted to the dominant flows changing over the time of the day. Dynamic Control Dynamic, or actuated, signals are programmed to adjust their timing and phasing to meet changing traffic conditions. The system adjusts signal phasing and timing to minimize the delay of people going through the intersection. It is also commonplace to alter the control strategy of a traffic light based on the time of day and day of the week, or for other special circumstances such as a major event causing unusual demand at an intersection. The controller uses input from detectors, which are sensors that inform the controller processor whether vehicles or other road users are present, to adjust signal timing and phasing within the limits set by the controllers programming. It can give more time to an intersection approach that is experiencing heavy traffic, or shorten or even skip a phase that has little or no traffic waiting for a green light. Detectors can be grouped into three classes: in-pavement detectors, non-intrusive detectors, and detection for non-motorized road users. Working Program Design of a microprocessor system to control traffic lights. The traffic light arrangement is as shown in Fig. The traffic should be controlled in the following manner. 1) Allow traffic from W to E and E to W transition for 20 seconds. 2) Give transition period of 5 seconds (Yellow bulbs ON) 3) Allow traffic from N to 5 and 5 to N for 20 seconds 4) Give transition period of 5 seconds (Yellow bulbs ON) 5) Repeat the process. Source Program: MVI A, 80H: Initialize 8255, port A and port B OUT 83H (CR): in output mode START: MVI A, 09H OUT 80H (PA): Send data on PA to glow R1 and R2 MVI A, 24H OUT 81H (PB): Send data on PB to glow G3 and G4 MVI C, 28H: Load multiplier count (40Ä ±ÃŽ ¿) for delay CALL DELAY: Call delay subroutine MVI A, 12H OUT (81H) PA: Send data on Port A to glow Y1 and Y2 OUT (81H) PB: Send data on port B to glow Y3 and Y4 MVI C, 0AH: Load multiplier count (10Ä ±ÃŽ ¿) for delay CALL: DELAY: Call delay subroutine MVI A, 24H OUT (80H) PA: Send data on port A to glow G1 and G2 MVI A, 09H OUT (81H) PB: Send data on port B to glow R3 and R4 MVI C, 28H: Load multiplier count (40Ä ±ÃŽ ¿) for delay CALL DELAY: Call delay subroutine MVI A, 12H OUT PA: Send data on port A to glow Y1 and Y2 OUT PB: Send data on port B to glow Y3 and Y4 MVI C, 0AH: Load multiplier count (10Ä ±ÃŽ ¿) for delay CALL DELAY: Call delay subroutine JMP START Delay Subroutine: DELAY: LXI D, Count: Load count to give 0.5 sec delay BACK: DCX D: Decrement counter MOV A, D ORA E: Check whether count is 0 JNZ BACK: If not zero, repeat DCR C: Check if multiplier zero, otherwise repeat JNZ DELAY RET: Return to main program References v www.rbainnovations.com//A%208085/H%20Traffic%20light%20controller-n.doc v www.freshpatents.com/-dt20090702ptan20090167561.php v http://www.8085projects.info/page/free-programs-for-8085-microprocessor.aspx v http://www.8085projects.info/post/Traffic-Light-Control.aspx v U.S.Shah, Microprocessor and its applications, Tech- Max Pulications, Pune.

The Rise of a Native American Balladry Essay -- Music Ballads Native A

The Rise of a Native American Balladry First, it will be necessary to review some important points. In the early days (1600-1770s), importation/adaptation was the dominant process. British songs and ballads were adapted to the frontier experience, Victorian morality and Puritan ethics. Songs which contained subject matter which was completely irrelevant to the frontier or unacceptable to moral and ethical standards were either discarded altogether, new lyrics were added to old melodies, or lyrical changes were made. (Remember, there were no copyright laws at that time). However, even from the beginning, original folk creations began to take their place alongside the traditional ballads. While some strong similarities to the traditional patterns my be observed, some important differences emerge. Compared with British ballads, American ballads placed more emphasis on vocal harmony and instrumentation (except in the mountain regions where women seldom played instruments). The American ballads were more journalistic (Wolfe, in Carr, 1979:4), that is, they paid much more attention to names (Tom Dula, Sally Goodin, Omie Wise, Floyd Collins), dates (of train wrecks, floods, wars, mining disasters) and place. They were certainly more moralistic - in keeping with the Puritan moral code. Art for art's sake was considered frivolous, e.g., "fiddling around." The idle mind is the devil's workshop, therefore frivolity is also probably sinful. These attitudes were very pervasive and were instilled in generations of American youth through McGuffey's Reader, Poor Richard's Almanac and popular literature such as Hawthorne's Scarlet... ...r is an instrument of Spanish origin and would likely have been transported to the new world by Spanish colonists. However, the guitar was in the American colonies during the colonial period. Malone is probably correct in his assertion that the guitar was rather late in coming into the southern musical tradition; however, once introduced it soon became the dominant instrument. Again, the Sears-Roebuck mail order catalog was one of the major sources for the guitar. Works Cited: Carr, Patrick (ed). The Illustrated History of Country Music. Garden City: Doubleday, 1979. Lomax, Alan. "Folk Song Style," The American Anthropologist 61:926-955. Malone, Bill C. Country Music USA: Fifty Year History. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1985. Nettl, Bruno. An Introduction to Folk Music in the United States, l960).

How Powerful Do You Find Atticus Finch’s Closing Speech?

In a final bid to secure freedom for Tom Robinson, Atticus Finch uses several linguistic tools in his last speech to the jury to attempt to sway their opinions of Tom’s guilt in the crime. Emotive language is used in Atticus’s speech to create a powerful effect in his audience. He first uses to make people feel sorry for Mayella Ewell: ‘She is the victim of cruel poverty and ignorance’. Use of the word ‘victim’ is effective in building pity for Mayella, as it implies that she is not at fault for her misfortunes and is instead the poor unfortunate soul suffering due to circumstances that she could not control. This pity is then used as a way for the jurors to feel a connection with Tom, who, as Atticus points out, is ‘a quiet, respectable, humble Negro who had the unmitigated temerity to ‘feel sorry’ for a white woman’. By reminding the jurors that Tom is not so different from them, in that they all pity Mayella, Atticus relates them with Tom. Pity for Tom is also evoked, as Atticus reminds the jurors that Tom was merely ‘a quiet, respectable, humble Negro’. Words such as ‘humble’ builds up an image of an unassuming man and plants a little seed of doubt about Tom’s guilt in the minds of the jurors. Atticus also tries to lead the jury to feel pity for Tom by putting a little emphasis on Tom’s plight: ‘[Tom] has had to put his word against two white people’s. In that time of racial prejudice, for Tom to contradict any white person was a desperate path, as black people are usually assumed to be in the wrong automatically, and therefore, through reminding the jurors of Tom’s testimony, Atticus is attempting to bring forth pity for Tom. The tone of the statement also suggests that such a drastic action was not by choice; with the phrase ‘h as had to’, Atticus is insinuating that it was Tom’s last resort, that Tom was forced by the circumstances to challenge the Ewells’s testimonies. The evidence is presented to the jury in a clear manner: ‘There is circumstantial evidence to indicate that Mayella Ewell was beaten savagely by someone who led almost exclusively with his left†¦ and Tom Robinson now sits before you, having taken the oath with the only good hand he possesses – his right hand. ’ Here, Atticus is very definite on the evidence and leaves no room for ambiguity; he emphasises the fact that Tom had only one functional hand, his right. The effect of this observation is powerful, because it forces the jury to take a moment and reconsider; Atticus’s statement clearly outlines that Mayella was beaten by a left-hander, a feat impossible for the crippled Tom, therefore reinforcing an earlier assertion by Atticus: ‘The defendant is not guilty, but someone in this court-room is. ’ The tone in this allegation adds a little dramatic tension to the atmosphere of the courtroom and helps Atticus gain the interest and attention of the audience as they wait to hear to whom Atticus has assigned the guilt. The tone of Atticus’s speech also brings in another persuasive element. An example of this is seen when Atticus disdains the assumption that all black people are liars and immoral beings not to be trusted around white women: ‘Which, gentlemen, we know is in itself a lie as black as Tom Robinson’s skin, a lie I do not have to point out to you. ’ The words of this statement suggest a rather forceful tone as Atticus asserts that to stereotype is wrong. Through the use of inclusive phrases, such as ‘we know’, Atticus is also able to evoke a slight feeling of shame in the jurors as he indirectly reprimands their prejudice by implying that they ought to have known that their generalisation of black people was simply not true. Atticus tries further to break this long-ingrained prejudice by telling his audience that they are all the same: ‘You know the truth and the truth is this: some Negroes lie, some Negroes are immoral, some Negro men are not to be trusted around women – black and white. But this is a truth that applies to the human race and to no particular race of men. There is not a person in this court-room who has never told a lie, who has never done an immoral thing, and there is no man living who has never looked upon a woman with desire. ’ With this proclamation, Atticus is able to show that Tom is no different in character to anyone else and that the jury should not allow racist perceptions to influence their verdict and cause them to judge Tom basing their opinions on how likely they think those of his race are to commit this terrible offense. Atticus later augments his plea by noting that ideally, justice is blind: ‘But there is one way in this country in which all men are created equal†¦ The institution, gentlemen, is a court†¦ in our courts, all men are created equal. ’ Atticus is beseeching the jurors to look upon the case with an unprejudiced eye, reminding all that everyone deserves justice, regardless of skin colour. His point, that ‘all men are created equal’, is also repeated, to emphasise that a jury, or indeed, anyone at all, should not judge based on race, but on the truth. Personally, I find Atticus’s speech extremely powerful in that it is deeply convincing. The manipulation and use of the words is also incredibly effective, causing the audience to feel exactly as intended and by the end of the speech, one could hardly doubt that Tom was truly innocent of the heinous crime of which he was accused.

Circus Maximus essays

Circus Maximus essays The Romans built massive structures for the public use of Roman citizens, and the circuses were only one example of these massive buildings. The circuses, structures designed in a circle or course for chariots, were primarily designed built to house chariot races and other public entertainments (Circus- Roma 1).These were copies of the Greek hippodromes (Laing 1). The Circus Maximus, one of the four tracks built in Rome, was a location where chariot racing, gladiatorial combats, wild animal hunts, athletic events, processions, and Christian massacres took place (Grout 2 ). Tarquinius Priscus, the fifth king of Rome, built this structure in the sixth century BC. This original circus was probably built between the Aventine and Palatine Hills (Grout 1). Later additions and improvements by Julius Caesar and Agrippa made the arena so large that it could seat 150,000 people. The circus was equipped with a spina (barrier) decorated with Egyptian obelisks, columns and seven large wooden eggs and dolphins to marks the laps for the charioteers. As the race proceeded, the one dolphin and one egg would be removed to inform the spectators of the number of laps that had passed in the race (Monuments 1). Seating in the arena was arranged around a dirt track and permanent starting gates were built for the horses. According to Dionysius of Halicarnassus, there were entrances and ascents for the spectators at every shop so that the countless thousands of peoples may enter and depart without inconvenience (Grout 1). People could browse and shop in the tabernae, in habited by cooks, astrologers, and prostitutes(Grout 2). The chariot races in the Circus Maximus were run on seventeen of the seventy-seven public games days allotted in Rome (Grout 2). By a drawing of lots, drivers were given the slot in which to start and had to stay in that area until a point was reached on the course. The chariot, or quadrigae, was pulled by...

Foraging Essays

Foraging Essays Foraging Essay Foraging Essay Foraging (Deut 23:24-25) What did it mean to the powerful landowners who viewed the powerless widows who would forage his property (Deut 23:24-25). Explain how widows are allowed to eat their fill of grapes but they cannot put any into a container, and they can pluck the grain with their hand, but they may not harvest it with a sickle. What would motivate the powerful landowners to only allow the powerless widow to only eat so much from his property and not take enough to eat later, or to plant and harvest in another field, and what were the consequences if the powerless widow did take some? : In one aspect, a powerful landowner would not want any vagrants to be on his property foraging his harvest. At the other end of the spectrum, Hebrew men wanted the recognition as a man who gave to those in need, showing a sense of superiority especially over the powerless widow. Yahweh gave instructions for caring for the oppressed and for the powerless widow. (Exodus 22:21-23) Yahweh also said that after the harvest the powerful landowners were to leave a little extra for the powerless widow (Leviticus 23:22). Deuteronomy seems to be proposing the idea of not letting the powerless widow take advantage of the powerful landowner as if the powerful landowner was watching her making sure she did not take more than required. Don C. Benjamin, The Book of Deuteronomy, a feminist commentary According to Don C. Benjamin, The Book of Deuteronomy, a feminist commentary, those who owned land were supposed to view foraging and gleaning in their farms by widows and the poor as the little amount of compensation that they were paying to Yahweh. According to the laws, widows benefited most from gleaning while those who were traveling were the ones to profit from foraging. However, according to the rules, widows, the poor and those who were traveling were restricted from exploiting this kindness offered to them. They were to eat only to their fill but avoid harvesting for later use. The landowners were seen as agents of Yahweh in his quest to help a section of His people who could not support themselves.[1] It was a belief that upon helping others, God would help such compassionate individuals in acquiring more property, referred to as blessings, so that they would continue helping the people of God. 1. Explain How Widows Are Allowed To Eat Their Fill but They Cannot Put Any into a Container This was meant to make the widows to understand that as much as they were being helped, they had to leave some behind for the property owner since he had put in work and money to maintain his plantation. Widows had to understand that they had to respect those who were being compassionate to them. In addition, this measure was put in place to remind the widows that they also had to work hard to provide food for themselves and not just depend on the kindness of others. They were to leave some behind so that in case they did not find food elsewhere the following day, they could come back to the farm and get food. Such a law was also to guard against people harvesting too much food that would later on go bad and go to waste. 2. What Would Motivate the Powerful Landowners to Only Allow the Powerless Widow to Only Eat So Much from His Property and Not Take Enough to Eat Later? By helping the widows in this way, the powerful landowners saw their influence over the people as growing. The widows who had fed on their farms would go and tell others of how generous the landowner was in helping them. This would in turn earn the landowner more respect from the people. The landowners also wanted such poor people to be dependent on them so that they would use them in some of their activities. According to the law, those who fed on these farms were expected to come and help in tilling the land in case the landowners needed such help. This means that come the next planting season, the landowner would just call on the poor who had fed in his farm to assist him. Normally, there were several people who owned such farms; therefore, the widows would go around several farms before coming back for food in a farm they had eaten from earlier. For those landowners who were religious, they perceived feeding the widows and poor people as a way of acquiring Yahweh’s blessi ngs. For them, they were only carrying out Yahweh’s orders. 3. What Were The Consequences If The Powerless Widow Did Take Some? There were consequences if the widows and the poor harvested food from the farms of the landowners. The scribes who made these laws stated that those who harvested from the farms of landowners without their permission would be treated as thieves and would be punished by Yahweh. However, women were to be treated a little differently from men as they were seen as more vulnerable than men are[2]. Despite this perceive need for some sense of kindness towards women, if found in violation of the law, they were to be punished just as the men were. In the documents prepared by the lawmakers, the scribes and the Pharisees, it was stated that the punishment of such an act was not to be dispensed by men but by Yahweh Himself since he was trying to help his people by urging other people to be compassionate to them. That apart from Yahweh punishing such an act of violation of His laws, those found harvesting were not to be helped by anyone again in case they asked for food again. He or she who t akes for granted the compassion Yahweh’s agent extends to them was to be punished by Yahweh Himself. The ancient Israelites were compassionate people who cared for the less fortunate members of their community, especially the widows and the poor. Foraging was one of the ways through which the Israelites provided food for the less fortunate. Land owners were supposed to see forging as way of paying rent for the land they had to Yahweh while widows and the poor were to avoid exploit the kindness of land owner[3]. Violation of foraging rules was tantamount to punishment y the laws and by Yahweh Himself. Bibliography Benjamin Don.C. The Book of Deuteronomy, a feminist commentary. Don C Benjamin, PhD, Biblical Near Eastern Studies. doncbenjamin.com/books#ots Benjamin Don C. Matthews Victor Harold. Old Testament parallels: laws and stories from the ancient Near East. New York: Paulist Press, 2006. Benjamin Don.C. The Old Testament Story, an Introduction. 2004. Minneapolis. Fortress [1] Don.C.Benjamin. The Old Testament Story, n Introduction. 2004. Minneapolis. Fortress.

Pursuit of freedom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pursuit of freedom - Essay Example It was only after her husband’s death that Mrs. Mallard feels the true sense of freedom. The emotion that is clearly identifiable in the story is the emotion of happiness, relieve and contentment. We in our daily lives feel contented and happy when some work gets completed or we get rid of some difficult situation. I felt contented and relieved when I got rid of my loan as it was always depressing me. Mrs. Mallard gets contented and relieved when she realizes that she is after all free and on her own to do anything she likes. I also felt the same when I realized that I do not have to pay any further to the bank. I felt as if I was free to use my money the way I like and with full liberty. I felt as if some responsibility or restriction has left my way. Mrs. Mallard considered her husband as a hindrance in her way towards freedom and after his death; she enjoyed her freedom as she said, â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† (Chopin 1894). She regarded her body as well as her soul, both fully at liberty without any repression from her husband anymore. I can be related to the character of Mrs. Mallard in a sense as she also considers herself free and I felt the same situation.

Marketing Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Marketing Management - Essay Example Now we shift to the methodology and rationale behind building competitive advantage. This is something that is built over time and requires synchronization between the tactics, activities and the overall strategy of the company which is producing the product(s). Competitive advantage is developed when there is a differential undertaking on the part of the customer. This could be in the form of lower prices than the competitors, better quality, efficient sales services and support and a number of other features. Thus customer satisfaction is something which cannot be measured by a standard set of parameters. It has to be experienced always with a different set of offerings that are made available. These offerings could be in the form of better quality products, higher and more efficient services or a bundle of both high-class product and state of the art service, in which case it would not be categorized under either of them rather as a mixture of both. It is pretty true that the market dynamics suggest that the competitive advantage can only be achieved when the customer is given what he or she wants but then again is there any limit to his or her wants? The answer would be NO and quite rightly so. The customer expects value for money and thus the best possible product at the most effective rate, thus it would be correct to understand his point of view and then go about changing the product offerings, prices and the value thus provided. Marketing concept has taken its basis from the selling concept.